Conception d'un laboratoire sur fibre pour l'analyse in vivo

International audienceThis work presents the proof of concept of the detection of optical index changes by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) thanks to optical fiber bundles. This proof of concept is the first essential step for the future design of a lab on fiber tool dedicated to molecular analysis for endoscopic diagnosis. Our approach is based on nanotextured optical fiber bundles comprising several thousands of individual optical fibers. These nanostructures were coated by a thin gold layer in order to exhibit interesting optical properties like SPR. The sensitivity of the bundle to optical index changes and the detection limit were measured in retro-reflection. We performed numerical simulations in order to enhance these performances based on an optimization of the fiber end geometry and the gold coating thickness. We finally obtained a detection limit of 10-4 refractive index unit, which is fully compatible with the detection of biological interactions involving large proteins or bacteria. </p

Peptide-protein microarrays and surface plasmon resonance detection: biosensors for versatile biomolecular interaction analysis.

International audienceBiosensors in microarray format provide promising tools for high-throughput analyses of complex samples. Although they are able to detect, quantify and characterize a multitude of compounds, most of the available devices are specialized in the analysis of one type of interaction, limiting their application to a define area. The aim of our work was to develop and characterize versatile protein (or peptide) microarrays suitable for the simultaneous analysis of a large panel of biological interactions. Our system involved a simple procedure to immobilized proteins or peptides, based on pyrrole electropolymerization, and ligand binding was detected by imaging the surface plasmon resonance. We demonstrated its suitability in three different contexts, i.e. humoral response characterization, ion binding analysis and cell detection. This work evidences the potentiality of this approach which allows multiparametric, high-throughput and label-free analysis of biological samples suitable for the detection of compounds as various as proteins, ions or cells and the characterization of their interaction with peptides or proteins

Chauffage par effet plasmon pour la désorption localisée de cellules capturées sur une biopuce

International audienceThis work proposes a miniaturized system able to perform multiple cell capture followed by cell-type selective release from a biochip surface. Unlabeled lymphocytes are first specifically captured onto a DNA array by antibody-DNA conjugates. The immobilized cells are subsequently released under spatio-temporal control within local heating generated by intense Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) produced by laser illumination

Relationship between humoral response against hepatitis C virus and disease overcome

International audienceConclusionHumoral response against hepatitis C virus linear epitopes is partly modified according to the disease state. This study highlights the importance of considering relative quantities of antibodies with different specificities rather than the amount of each antibody.Hepatitis C virus infection leads to liver disease whose severity can range from mild to serious lifelong illness. However the parameters involved in the evolution of the disease are still unknown. Among other factors, the virus-elicited antibody profile is suspected to play a role in the outcome of the disease. Analysis of the relationship between anti-virus antibodies and disease state requires the analysis of a large number of serums from patients (hepatitis C virus+) and of epitopes from the viral proteins. Such a study would benefit from microarray-based screening systems that are appropriate for high-throughput assays.We used a method combining peptide chips and surface plasmon resonance imaging previously shown to be suitable for analyzing complex mediums and detecting peptide-protein interactions. 56 peptides covering the entire viral proteome were grafted on chips and their interaction with antibodies present in the 68 injected serums from infected and non-infected donors was measured. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine a possible relationship between antibodies (specificity and amount) and disease states.A good discrimination between infected and non-infected donors validated our approach, and several correlations between antibodies profiles and clinical parameters have been identified. In particular, we demonstrated that ratios between particular antibodies levels allow for accurate discrimination of patients according to their pathologic states

Optoelectronic properties of methyl-terminated germanane

Germanane is a two-dimensional, strongly confined form of germanium. It presents an interesting combination of (i) ease of integration with CMOS technology, (ii) low toxicity, and (iii) electronic confinement which transforms the indirect bandgap of the bulk material into a direct bandgap featuring photoluminescence. However, the optoelectronic properties of this material remain far less investigated than its structural properties. Here, we investigate the photoluminescence and transport properties of arrays of methyl-terminated germanane flakes. The photoluminescence appears to have two contributions, one from the band edge and the other from trap states. The dynamics of the exciton appear to be in the range of 1–100 ns. Conduction in this material appears to be p-type, while the photoconduction time response can be made as short as 100 μs

Détections d'interactions biologiques par imagerie résonance plasmonique de surface (applications au criblage pharmaceutique de chimiothèques et à la détectiion de toxines)

GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Imaging a smell

International audienc

Mesures parallélisées d'interactions oligosaccharides / protéines au moyen de biopuces

Le but de cette thèse est de concevoir une puce à sucres, compatible avec un système optique d'imagerie en résonance des plasmons de surface (SPRi), afin d'analyser simultanément de multiples interactions protéine/oligosaccharide en temps réel. La réalisation d'un système modèle, ayant comme sucre sonde, l'héparine, est proposée. La modification du sucre par un pyrrole permet de le déposer sur une surface d'or par électrocopolymérisation. Cette chimie nécessite la construction de molécules " pyrrole - bras espaceurs " compatibles avec les propriétés des sucres utilisés. La puce utilisable en SPRi est ensuite fabriquée par électrocopolymérisations successives. Ces plots formés peuvent être caractérisés par MEB et par AFM. Des expériences préliminaires utilisant des traceurs fluorescents ont permis de valider le système ainsi que la chimie proposée ; la fluorescence observée est spécifique de l'interaction biologique grâce à la présence de négatifs. Les études d'interactions biologiques suivies par SPRi ont alors été réalisées ; la sensibilité de l'interaction est confirmée. Grâce à l'acquisition en temps réel des interactions, les cinétiques d'association et de dissociation du complexe oligosaccharide/protéine sont observées puis optimisées. De plus, les puces fabriquées sont régénérables mais aussi réutilisables sur plusieurs mois, ce qui permet l'étude des paramètres chimiques et biologiques. Cette approche est appliquée finalement à plusieurs problématiques biologiques.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocCACHAN-ENS (940162301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Développement de biopuces dédiées au tri d'échantillons cellulaires

Le présent travail de thèse repose sur la conception d'un système miniaturisé de type biopuce capable d'assurer la capture et le relargage contrôlé de différentes populations des cellules sanguines (e.g. lymphocytes). Ce projet a pour objectif la construction d'un outil potentiel de recherche dans le domaine de l'immunologie ainsi que du diagnostic qui permettrait non seulement de réaliser des essais à partir d'une faible quantité d'échantillon, mais aussi de réduire le temps d'analyse. L'approche consiste plus précisément en la fabrication d'une matrice d'oligonucléotides et l'immobilisation de cellules via une molécule hybride composée d'un anticorps IgG couplé à une séquence d'oligonucléotide complémentaire. La synthèse du produit conjugué est mise en place et conduit à l'assemblage functionnel sur biopuce. Une fois les cellules spécifiquement capturées sur la surface, deux voies de rélargage contrôlé sont explorées. Ainsi, les lymphocytes sont libérées de façon contrôlée et séquentielle par clivage enzymatique d'ADN ou alors par désorption physique possible grâce au chauffage localisé. La détection se fait en temps réel par l'imagerie de la résonance plasmonique de surface (Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging, SPRi) qui présente l'avantage de pouvoir suivre les phénomènes biomoléculaires en absence de marquage et d'apporter une réponse simultanée d'un échantillon biologique sur un grand nombre des sondes. Accessoirement, une approche instrumentale particulière nous permet d'observer les étapes de capture/relargage par microscopie optique classique. La construction de la biopuce permet également l'élargissement à plusieurs cibles et ouvre ainsi la voie à de nombreuses possibilités d'exploration en termes d'application pour l'analyse d'échantillons biologiques plus complexes tels que du sang.This PhD thesis is devoted to conception of a miniaturized system of biochip type able to realize a controlled capture and release of different populations of the blood cells (e.g. lymphocytes). The main objective of the project is to create a potential tool of research, especially in the field of immunology, and medical diagnostics as well, that could perform short-time analyses by using a small sample amount. The approach relies more precisely on fabrication of a DNA matrix and further immobilization of cells through a hybrid molecule composed of an IgG antibody covalently coupled with short oligonucleotide sequence. Synthesis of the conjugated product is developed and demonstrates functional assembly on the micro-platform. Lymphocytes are specifically addressed onto biochip surface and once they are captured, two independent strategies of selective release are proposed. Therefore, immobilized cells are specifically detached either upon enzymatic cleavage of oligonucleotide substrate or physically desorbed by local heating and denaturation of double stranded DNA. The system makes use of Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) to enable real time detection of different biomolecular phenomena in a label-free and high-throughput manner. Accessorily, a particular instrumental approach is developed in order to observe cell capture-release steps directly under optical microscopy. The biochip construction permits to extend its performance to many targets and may be further explored in terms of application to analysis of complex biological samples such as blood.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Surface plasmon resonance imaging: application in microbiology

Surface plasmons can be defined as the collective oscillation of free electrons on a metallic surface. They were first observed back in the early 20th century, by the American physicist and inventor R.W. Wood, while he was studying the diffraction of light by a metallic grating. Wood observed very narrow absorption bands in the diffraction spectrum that would remain unexplained until 1941, when U. Fano demonstrated that they were associated with surface waves known today as surface plasmons. A similar phenomenon explains the colours of stained-glass windows in cathedrals, as the glass contains metallic nanoparticles with plasmon absorption bands in the visible spectrum